PCAP – Certified Associate in Python Programming

Section 1: Modules and Packages

PCAP-31-03 1.1 – Import and use modules and packages.

• import variants: import, from import, import as, import *
• advanced qualifying for nested modules
• the dir() function
• the sys.path variable

PCAP-31-03 1.2 – Perform evaluations using the math module.

• functions: ceil(), floor(), trunc(), factorial(), hypot(), sqrt()

PCAP-31-03 1.3 – Generate random values using the random module

• functions: random(), seed(), choice(), sample()

PCAP-31-03 1.4 – Discover host platform properties using the platform module

• functions: platform(), machine(), processor(), system(), version(), python_implementation(), python_version_tuple()

PCAP-31-03 1.5 – Create and use user-defined modules and packages.

• idea and rationale.
• the __pycache__ directory
• the __name__ variable
• public and private variables
• the __init__.py file
• searching for/through modules/packages
• nested packages vs. directory trees

Section 2: Exceptions

PCAP-31-03 2.1 – Handle errors using Python-defined exceptions.

• except, except:-except, except:-else:, except (e1, e2)
• the hierarchy of exceptions
• raise, raise ex
• assert
• event classes
• except E as e
• the arg property

PCAP-31-02 2.2 – Extend the Python exceptions hierarchy with selfdefined exceptions.

• self-defined exceptions
• defining and using self-defined exceptions

Section 3: Strings

PCAP-31-03 3.1 – Understand machine representation of characters.

• encoding standards: ASCII, UNICODE, UTF-8, code points, escape sequences

PCAP-31-03 3.2 – Operate on strings.

• functions: ord(), chr()
• indexing, slicing, immutability
• iterating through strings, concatenating, multiplying, comparing (against strings and numbers)
• operators: in, not inPCAP-31-03 3.3 – Employ built-in string methods
• methods: .isxxx(), .join(), .split(), .sort(), sorted(), .index(), .find(), .rfind()

Section 4: Object-Oriented Programming

PCAP-31-03 4.1 – Understand the Object-Oriented approach.

• ideas and notions: class, object, property, method, encapsulation, inheritance, superclass, subclass, identifying class components

PCEP-31-03 4.2 – Employ class and object properties.

instance vs. class variables: declarations and initializations

• the __dict__ property (objects vs. classes)
• private components (instances vs. classes)
• name mangling

PCAP-31-03 4.3 – Equip a class with methods.

• declaring and using methods
• the self parameter

PCAP-31-03 4.4 – Discover the class structure.

• introspection and the hasattr() function (objects vs classes)
• properties: __name__, __module__ , __bases__

PCAP-31-03 4.5 – Build a class hierarchy using inheritance.

• single and multiple inheritance
• the isinstance() function
• overriding
• operators:
• not is , is
• polymorphism
• overriding the __str__() method
• diamonds

PCAP-31-03 4.6 – Construct and initialize objects.

• declaring and invoking constructors

Section 5: Miscellaneous

Scope: List Comprehensions, Lambdas, Closures, and I/O Operations

PCAP-31-03 5.1 – Build complex lists using list comprehension.

• list comprehensions: the if operator, nested comprehensions

PCAP-31-03 5.2 – Embed lambda functions into the code.

• lambdas: defining and using lambdas
• self-defined functions taking lambdas as arguments
• functions: map(), filter()

PCAP-31-03 5.3 – Define and use closures.

• closures: meaning and rationale
• defining and using closures

PCAP-31-03 5.4 – Understand basic Input/Output terminology.

• I/O modes
• predefined streams
• handles vs. streams
• text vs. binary modes

PCAP-31-03 5.5 – Perform Input/Output operations.

• the open() function
• the errno variable and its values
• functions: close(), .read(), .write(), .readline(), readlines()
• using bytearray as input/output buffer